{"id":21621,"date":"2026-07-13T14:03:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-13T12:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ngi.be\/?page_id=21621"},"modified":"2026-08-06T11:23:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T09:23:34","slug":"reperes-geodesiques","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ngi.be\/fr\/offre\/les-services\/services-geodesiques\/reperes-geodesiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques belges sont r\u00e9partis sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire. Ils servent de points de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la d\u00e9termination pr\u00e9cise de coordonn\u00e9es dans les syst\u00e8mes cartographiques nationaux et constituent la base physique du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence g\u00e9od\u00e9sique de la Belgique. Toutes les informations relatives aux rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques sont accessibles via l\u2019application web G-DOC<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Types de rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Historiquement, les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques \u00e9taient r\u00e9partis en deux grandes cat\u00e9gories :\u00a0les\u00a0rep\u00e8res planim\u00e9triques, utilis\u00e9s pour la d\u00e9termination des coordonn\u00e9es horizontales (x, y),\u00a0et\u00a0les\u00a0rep\u00e8res altim\u00e9triques, servant de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les altitudes\u00a0(z).<\/p>\n

Plus r\u00e9cemment, un r\u00e9seau moderne de rep\u00e8res 3D a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place. Ces points fournissent \u00e0 la fois des informations planim\u00e9triques et altim\u00e9triques, ce qui permet une utilisation plus coh\u00e9rente et plus adapt\u00e9e aux techniques de mesure actuelles.<\/p>\n

Repr\u00e9sentation sur le terrain<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9s physiquement par des clous\u00a0g\u00e9od\u00e9siques, des\u00a0rivets\u00a0ou bornes g\u00e9od\u00e9siques scell\u00e9s dans le sol,\u00a0dans les\u00a0trottoirs ou\u00a0dans les\u00a0fa\u00e7ades de b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n

\"\" \"\" \"\"<\/p>\n

Les lettres sur les rep\u00e8res altim\u00e9triques\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les rep\u00e8res altim\u00e9triques belges portent souvent des lettres qui t\u00e9moignent de l\u2019histoire institutionnelle de l\u2019actuel Institut\u00a0g\u00e9ographique\u00a0national. Le D\u00e9p\u00f4t de la Guerre et de la Topographie, cr\u00e9\u00e9 le 26 janvier 1831 par d\u00e9cret du Gouvernement provisoire, est \u00e0 l\u2019origine\u00a0de la cartographie nationale, mais aucun rep\u00e8re datant de cette p\u00e9riode n\u2019a subsist\u00e9. Le 30 juin 1878, l\u2019institution est renomm\u00e9e Institut Cartographique Militaire (ICM). Les rep\u00e8res de cette \u00e9poque portent les lettres M-C-I, superpos\u00e9es verticalement, accompagn\u00e9es de la lettre N (Nivellement) \u00e0 gauche et de la lettre W (Waterpassing) \u00e0 droite. Le 5 mars 1947, l\u2019Institut G\u00e9ographique Militaire (IGM) est fond\u00e9 et les rep\u00e8res sont adapt\u00e9s en cons\u00e9quence, avec les lettres M-G-I superpos\u00e9es. Enfin, le 8 juin 1976, l\u2019Institut devient l\u2019Institut\u00a0g\u00e9ographique\u00a0national (IGN).\u00a0Cette \u00e9volution institutionnelle est encore perceptible aujourd\u2019hui dans les rep\u00e8res sur le terrain.<\/p>\n

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Protection l\u00e9gale\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9s depuis 1927 par la Loi sur la conservation des signaux et rep\u00e8res servant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la carte du pays<\/a>. L\u2019article 9 de cette loi stipule qu\u2019il est interdit d\u2019endommager, de d\u00e9placer, d\u2019enlever ou de d\u00e9truire un signal ou rep\u00e8re g\u00e9od\u00e9sique ou topographique, d\u2019en modifier l\u2019aspect ou d\u2019alt\u00e9rer les indications ou inscriptions qu\u2019il porte.<\/p>\n

Travaux et disparition d\u2019un rep\u00e8re\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Si un rep\u00e8re g\u00e9od\u00e9sique doit \u00eatre d\u00e9plac\u00e9 dans le cadre de travaux de r\u00e9novation, d\u2019am\u00e9nagement ou de d\u00e9molition,\u00a0veuillez contacter l\u2019IGN \u00e0 l\u2019adresse\u00a0gdoc@ngi.be<\/a>.\u00a0L\u2019IGN ne s\u2019opposera jamais \u00e0 ce type d\u2019intervention, mais souhaite pouvoir replacer un rep\u00e8re \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 afin de maintenir un r\u00e9seau g\u00e9od\u00e9sique dense et fiable.\u00a0N\u2019essayez en aucun cas de retirer ou de replacer un rep\u00e8re vous-m\u00eame : leur positionnement doit \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des professionnels afin de garantir la pr\u00e9cision du r\u00e9seau.<\/p>\n

Si vous constatez qu\u2019un rep\u00e8re g\u00e9od\u00e9sique a disparu ou a \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9, contactez-nous\u00a0\u00e0 l\u2019adresse\u00a0gdoc@ngi.be<\/a>.\u00a0Une \u00e9quipe\u00a0se rendra alors sur place\u00a0pour replacer un\u00a0nouveau\u00a0rep\u00e8re\u00a0\u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Les informations sur notre site\u00a0web\u00a0seront\u00a0ensuite\u00a0mises \u00e0 jour afin de garantir la fiabilit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es mises \u00e0 disposition des citoyens et des professionnels.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques belges sont r\u00e9partis sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire. Ils servent de points de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la d\u00e9termination pr\u00e9cise de coordonn\u00e9es dans les syst\u00e8mes cartographiques nationaux et constituent la base physique du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence g\u00e9od\u00e9sique de la Belgique. Toutes les informations relatives aux rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques sont accessibles via l\u2019application web G-DOC. Types de…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"parent":656,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21621","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques - IGN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ngi.be\/fr\/offre\/les-services\/services-geodesiques\/reperes-geodesiques\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques - IGN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques belges sont r\u00e9partis sur l\u2019ensemble du territoire. Ils servent de points de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour la d\u00e9termination pr\u00e9cise de coordonn\u00e9es dans les syst\u00e8mes cartographiques nationaux et constituent la base physique du syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence g\u00e9od\u00e9sique de la Belgique. Toutes les informations relatives aux rep\u00e8res g\u00e9od\u00e9siques sont accessibles via l\u2019application web G-DOC. 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